Medical: A science that examines human and animal bodies in order to understand how the body functions and to treat illness. This includes anatomy, physiology and pathology, among other topics. A doctor is a medical practitioner who specializes in treating disease and injury through diagnosis, medications and surgery. Medical journals feature new discoveries and research on diseases, symptoms and treatments. Those who write for medical journals are often researchers, doctors or students, though anyone with a passion for the field may submit articles to a journal. A journal’s editor-in-chief sets the tone for the content and submission requirements of a specific issue. He or she must ensure that all submissions follow the submission guidelines outlined by the editorial board. This typically includes ensuring that all required paperwork is complete, the manuscript adheres to article style and formatting, and the work relates to the subject matter of the publication. Before submitting a manuscript to a medical journal, check the journal’s website for its author guidelines and other important information. Usually, a journal’s editor will list the types of submissions it’s looking for in its column titled “Submissions.” A journal’s impact factor – a quantitative measure of the relative importance of the publication – can also help you determine which publications are good fits for your research. If you have any doubts about the suitability of a journal for your manuscript, contact its editors or principal investigator for advice. Having a clear idea of which publication you’re aiming for will help speed up the process of preparing and submitting your manuscript. While the structure of medical terms can appear complex, many are based on a few basic principles. Like all words, they start with a root word that gives the term its essential meaning. Almost all medical terms then end in a suffix that further identifies a specialty, test, procedure, function, disorder or status. Finally, many medical terms use a combining vowel at the end that distinguishes them from similar words and phrases in other languages. The combining vowel distinguishes medical terms from other languages by separating the word parts of a medical term from its other component words. This allows you to build a medical vocabulary from familiar roots and suffixes such as -ectomy (surgical removal of an organ), -ism (an abnormal condition) and -omy (blood). A basic understanding of the structural elements of medical terms makes it easier to learn them. Take a free online course on learning medical terminology from Des Moines University, which provides access to all 15 modules without charging you a fee. The course does not provide academic credit or a certificate of completion, but it is an excellent way to get started. The lessons are structured in categories to make it easier to retain and apply the knowledge you gain. You can also review medical terminology on your own by studying the lists of word parts and identifying them in common words you know such as rhinorrhage (bleeding around the nose), splenorrhage (bleeding in the spleen) and hepatorrhage (blood loss in the liver). Learning these word parts in context helps give you an edge in recognizing and remembering new terms.
Read MoreHealth is a broad term, but it refers to the physical and mental well-being of an individual or group. A person can only be healthy when he or she is in an optimal state of functioning and well-being. Health is a result of a combination of factors, including genetics, environment, and social and economic conditions. Health is also the ability to cope with change, stress and adversity. In 1948, the World Health Organization included a definition of health in its founding constitution: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” This positive conception of health is a great advance over the traditional negative concept of illness based on the presence of pathology. The field of health promotion focuses on behavior as a means to enhance and maintain health, but there are several different perspectives about what constitutes healthy behavior. Some researchers argue that healthy behavior is a matter of personal choice, whereas others point to environmental and societal factors as influences on individuals’ behavior. Still others believe that there is no such thing as risk-free wellbeing (Huber et al, 1996). During the twentieth century, many Americans adopted a view of health as a biomedical construct. This perspective developed along with advances in medical science and increased national investments in healthcare. It led to the development of well-baby clinics, the building of hospitals, and the expansion of medical research. It also led to a focus on the causes of health, such as infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies. This perspective on health is often called the medical model of health. An alternative perspective on health, called the sociocultural perspective, is rooted in the work of scholars such as Andrija Stampar and Margaret Weiss. This approach is characterized by the notions of wholeness, pragmatism and individualism. The wholeness principle refers to the idea that an individual’s perception of health is a product of his or her life situation. It is a complex phenomenon that is shaped by various factors, including work and family life, and it is influenced by one’s values and beliefs. The pragmatist perspective reflects the fact that individuals experience health in relative terms and that the concept of health is a dynamic process that changes over time. People’s views of what constitutes a healthy lifestyle reflect the prevailing culture and values. As a consequence, it is important to consider the cultural context of an individual’s health status when developing a treatment plan. It is also necessary to think about the audience of your article when writing a health feature. This will help you determine what format your article should take – a short news story, an in-depth feature article or a profile of a researcher studying a particular disease. Defining the format of your article will also help you narrow down your focus and create a clearer concept for your article. It is a good idea to send your finished article to a few pairs of eyes before you publish it, including friends and family members who can provide honest feedback about how the piece reads.
Read MorePharmacy is a complex field that covers a broad spectrum of activities, from research to clinical care. The field is highly versatile, allowing pharmacists to choose the career path that meshes with their area of interest and work preferences. With the popularity of large chain pharmacies, mom-and-pop community pharmacies, and mail order and online pharmacies, consumers have more options than ever when it comes to selecting a pharmacy to fill their prescriptions. However, not all pharmacies are created equal, and customers often have a preference for one over another based on various factors, including location, service, customer satisfaction, pricing, and more. Pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care, which involves evaluating, initiating, monitoring, and adjusting drug therapy treatments to produce optimal outcomes while remaining safe. This process includes collecting and analyzing subjective and objective data regarding a patient’s general health, diet, exercise, medical history, present illness, current medications, and medication side effects or contraindications. Depending on the specific career path, pharmacists may also administer vaccinations and point-of-care tests to identify the presence of certain infections (e.g., flu, strep throat). They may participate in collaborative drug therapy management with a physician, overseeing and managing a patient’s medications by ordering lab tests, adjusting dosages, and monitoring effectiveness of drugs. They may also work with patients to help them quit smoking or maintain a healthy weight, providing wellness services and education. In addition, pharmacists can be involved in public health by conducting vaccine drives for at-risk communities and advising local, state, and federal public health authorities on pharmaceutical laws and regulations. They can also specialize in pharmaceutical law, which allows them to advise doctors and hospitals on legal issues involving their business. A successful pharmacy program can provide graduates with a high salary right out of college, making it an attractive career option for many people. It’s important to remember, though, that money shouldn’t be the ultimate reason for choosing a career, and the flexibility and variety offered by the profession can make it a rewarding choice regardless of the salary. Pharmacy schools that offer support services like academic advising and mental health resources can enhance the student experience and contribute to higher graduation and retention rates. In addition, students should look for a school that incorporates experiential learning into its four-year PharmD curriculum, as it can provide valuable opportunities to gain real-world experience in the field and prepare for their future careers. When choosing a pharmacy program, it is vital to consider whether the school is accredited by a recognized body. Accreditation agencies are able to review all aspects of a pharmacy program, from its facilities and educational materials to its student support services and professional development activities. A reputable accreditation agency can help students select the best program for them based on their individual needs and goals.
Read MoreCancer is one of the most devastating diseases that we humans can suffer from. It affects a person’s physical health and mental well-being, disrupting their relationships with friends and family members. It can also cause significant economic loss due to lost work. Cancer is also a deadly disease, killing 10 million people per year globally. All cancers begin when cells become abnormal and out of control. These abnormal cells grow and divide without controlling signals that normally stop cell growth or that trigger them to die when they’re no longer needed. The resulting cells can then grow into groups of abnormal cells called tumors, which can spread throughout the body. Cancer cells can also invade and destroy normal tissues. They can disrupt organ function, causing pain and other symptoms. They can also interfere with the body’s immune system, enabling them to escape from detection by the immune system and continue growing. For decades, scientists struggled to understand what caused cancer. We now know that most cancers result from a combination of genetic changes and environmental influences. These include smoking, radiation exposure, viruses, certain foods and chemicals (carcinogens), obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation and a lack of exercise. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells can acquire new mutations (or changes in genes) over time and continue to evolve. This evolution enables them to adapt to the changing conditions of the body. These adaptations allow cancer cells to survive and thrive. Cancer cells can do this by ignoring signals that normally tell cells to stop growing or to die (a process called programmed cell death). Cancer cells also ignore signals that normally cause normal cells to move around the body and find new places to live. Cancer cells can also develop the ability to tell blood vessels to grow toward tumors so they can get the oxygen and nutrients they need. Cancer cells can also develop the ability to hide from the immune system by reprogramming other cells to help them stay alive and grow. There are many ways to treat cancer, from surgery to chemotherapy. The goal of treatment is to cure the cancer, but if this is not possible, it is important to control the disease and reduce side effects. New treatments are always being tested. For example, immunotherapy aims to restore the body’s natural ability to fight off cancer. Another way to treat cancer is by reducing the levels of hormones that fuel the cancer. Lastly, targeted drug therapy seeks out specific abnormalities that allow cancer cells to survive. These treatments may be used on their own or together.
Read MoreMedical refers to the field of human health and disease. It covers the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders. You’ll need to understand medical terminology whether you pursue a career on the clinical side of healthcare as a magnetic resonance imaging technologist or ultrasound technician or on the administrative side as a medical scribe, medical transcriptionist, medical biller or coder. Medical vocabulary may seem complex at first, but deconstructing it into word parts is a useful way to get a handle on an exponentially expanding list of terms. Most medical terms follow a standard construction: a prefix, a medical root and a suffix.1 A medical prefix is tacked onto the beginning of a medical root and indicates a location, direction, time, type or quality. For example, appendicitis means inflammation (-itis) of the appendix. Most medical words end with a medical suffix, which is tacked on to the end of the root word and typically indicates a procedure, test, function, body part or condition/disorder. For instance, apnea is a breathing disorder that’s also known as sleep-disordered breathing. The goal of medical journals is to present novel observations and knowledge and to consolidate, review and share the results of scientific research studies. Medical journals publish a wide range of articles, from case reports to systematic reviews. Some articles are meant to inform the public about the latest developments in a specific disease or disorder, while others report on patient outcomes and treatments. As the number of medical journal publications grows, so does the need to strike a balance between ensuring equitable opportunity for scholars from around the world and maintaining academic standards. Journal editors must ensure that the content of a publication is high-quality, relevant and up to date, and that authors meet all submission guidelines. The structure of a medical article is important for its clarity and impact. In general, a medical article should be short, concise and clearly written with proper punctuation. It should also be organized in a logical manner and provide a clear, comprehensive conclusion that summarizes the main point of the paper. A medical journal is a scientific publication that contains research, analysis and information regarding the biological, physical and social sciences. Medical journals are often peer-reviewed and are the primary source of new medical discoveries and knowledge. The contents of a medical journal include scientific articles, clinical updates and news, practice-changing research, case reports, editorials, and other information related to the medical profession. In addition, many medical journals have departments devoted to literary works and humanities that explore the more personal and emotional aspects of medicine and health care. These departments are important for addressing the holistic needs of patients and doctors. They can help to break down barriers to communication between physicians and patients and promote a more positive and compassionate approach to medicine.
Read MoreToto Macau telah menjadi salah satu permainan yang paling menarik perhatian para penggemar togel di seluruh dunia. Dengan berbagai peluang menarik dan hadiah yang menggiurkan, banyak orang berusaha untuk menemukan hasil yang tepat dari setiap undian. Dalam artikel ini, kita akan menjelajahi dunia keluaran Toto Macau, memberikan informasi terkini mengenai data, hasil, dan live draw Macau yang sangat dinantikan. Setiap harinya, para pemain menantikan hasil pengeluaran Macau untuk mengetahui apakah nomor yang mereka pasang berhasil membawa pulang hadiah. Dengan adanya live draw Macau yang cepat dan akurat, Anda dapat langsung mendapatkan informasi terbaru tentang hasil undian. Mari kita lihat lebih dalam mengenai Toto Macau hari ini, termasuk bagaimana cara mengakses data dan informasi mengenai Macau pools dan prize yang ditawarkan. Hasil Keluaran Toto Macau Hasil keluaran Toto Macau menjadi informasi yang sangat dinanti-nanti oleh para penggemar togel. 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Read MoreHealth is a complex concept that involves many different aspects of a person’s well-being. It encompasses not just physical wellbeing but also mental (psychological) and social well-being. In terms of the individual, it refers to their ability to function and adapt in response to their environment. The term has a wide variety of definitions, with the most commonly used describing it as the absence of disease or infirmity. The World Health Organization defines it as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” This definition reflects a more holistic approach to the concept of health, one that acknowledges the importance of an individual’s physical, mental and social well-being in their overall wellness. The WHO’s focus on promoting healthy communities has opened the door for new thinking about how to improve health by looking beyond medical care to include a wider range of factors that influence a person’s quality of life. Historically, there have been two major types of definitions of health. The first, endorsed by the medical profession, is that of normality. The medical profession determines what is normal for an individual by observing them and making observations. An individual can be declared healthy only if they have been observed and found not to meet the criteria of abnormality set by the medical profession. This type of definition has limitations. Individuals who are considered healthy today may be found to be ill with more advanced methods of diagnosis tomorrow. The other, broader definition of health was espoused by a French physician named Georges Canguilhem. He proposed that individuals can only be declared healthy if they are able to function under the circumstances in which they find themselves. He saw the role of the doctor as helping an individual to adapt to their prevailing circumstances. Canguilhem’s definition of health is still in use. It has become a more popular alternative to the narrower medical view of health that still dominates in both legacy and new media. It is based on the idea that the origins of health lie in the social and environmental factors that affect an individual’s ability to realize their aspirations, satisfy their needs and cope with their environment. These determinants include such things as genetic makeup, environmental conditions, nutrition and exercise, access to health care and other forms of support systems. It is important for journalists to understand these determinants of health in order to produce accurate health content. Providing accurate information is the best way to promote healthy lifestyles and encourage people to seek professional medical advice when necessary. Journalists can help by selecting topic areas that are relevant to their audience, conducting thorough background research and using a variety of sources to ensure accuracy. They should also focus on trending issues and latest findings in the field of health to ensure their articles remain relevant to their audience’s needs. They can also use their natural writing style to make the content more engaging for readers.
Read MorePharmacy is a healthcare profession with a unique focus on drug therapy. It blends medical science with chemistry to ensure the safe and effective use of medications. The scope of practice for pharmacists includes traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing drugs on a doctor’s order, as well as more advanced activities like ensuring patient adherence to medication regimens. Pharmacists work in the community, hospital and clinic settings. Some also work in government, private corporations and the military. They spend much of their time on their feet and are often on call for patients, responding to questions or concerns about the medication treatment plans prescribed by physicians. The profession is undergoing a shift as more and more pharmacists are working directly with physicians to deliver healthcare services. In the past, most pharmacists focused on dispensing drugs according to prescription orders from doctors. This remains a key aspect of their role but there are also other aspects such as helping patients understand how to take their medicines, counseling on wellness issues, providing immunizations and administering blood pressure and cholesterol screening. Pharmacy is a highly regulated profession and pharmacies are required to comply with strict standards. Despite this, the demand for pharmacy services continues to grow worldwide, fueled by aging populations and increased disease burdens. The field is infused with exciting new developments, such as personalized medicine and the use of digital innovations in the pharmaceutical process, which enhance efficiency and safety. The name “pharmacy” is derived from the Greek word for healing, and it is thought to have begun with Hygieia, the apothecary of the ancient Greek god of medicine, Asclepius. Some of the earliest recorded pharmacological knowledge is found in clay tablets from the 4th millennium BC, and in the Ebers Papyrus and Edwin Smith Papyri from ancient Egypt. Today, there is a strong connection between a patient’s health and the medicines they take. A core part of a pharmacist’s role is to optimize drug therapy for each patient by considering factors such as age, size and body weight, drug interactions, other medications, allergies, diet, lifestyle and pharmacogenetics. Pharmacists are experts in their fields and can help people make better informed decisions about the best medications to treat their specific conditions. They are an invaluable link in the healthcare chain, supporting doctors and nurses to deliver medical care while maximizing the benefits of medications for their patients.
Read MoreCancer is a disease that affects millions of people. It can kill them or cause them serious harm, and it can also make it difficult to live a normal life. Many types of cancer can be cured, especially if they are caught early. But, even when it is caught late, many cancers can be controlled with medicine or other treatment. Your body is made of trillions of cells. These cells are the building blocks of your tissues and organs. Over your lifetime, the cells in your body normally grow and divide as needed. They also change to take on different functions, such as becoming a nerve cell or a muscle cell. This is because of genes, which are long strings of coded messages that tell the cell how to grow and divide. Sometimes a gene changes, or mutations occur, and the cell begins to grow out of control. As these cells grow and change, they can begin to crowd out normal cells. Then they can start to spread to other parts of the body. This is when you have a cancer. Early on, cancers were recognized as a disease of uncontrolled growth and spreading. This was based on the observations that tumors grew quickly and seemed to take a “bite” out of the body. In addition, a growing tumor often produced symptoms such as a lump or pain in the body, fevers, skin changes and blood in the urine or stool. Over time, scientists learned that cancers began as a single abnormal cell. This was a big breakthrough because it explained how cancer could occur in many places in the body and why it might be difficult to treat. It was also the beginning of a new understanding that cancer is not just a disease of genes but rather a process of natural selection. This means that cancers develop because of changes (mutations) in the genes. It is these mutations that give the cancer cells an advantage in their struggle for survival and to propagate. These mutations can be the result of many things, including damage to genes from toxins or radiation, or from viruses. The mutated genes allow the cancer cells to grow faster and more easily than normal cells. This advantage is maintained because the mutated cells pass on their characteristics to their offspring. The mutations also lead to the evolution of a lethal phenotype. The most common cancers are found in the lungs, breasts, colon, stomach and pancreas. There are also many other types of cancer that are less common, and some that can’t be treated at all.
Read MoreMedical is the science of human health and its application to the diagnosis, treatment, amelioration, or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. It involves the work of doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists, psychologists, optometrists, and other health professionals. Health care is the improvement of human health through medical diagnosis, treatment, amelioration, or cure and through public health measures. You can include in medical expenses the cost of meals and lodging while away from home if the principal reason you are away is to receive medical care. However, you can’t include the cost of meals and lodging if the principal reason is for a vacation or business trip. See Nursing Home, later. A written record of a person’s past and present medical, surgical, and other health conditions. It also includes information about allergies, immunizations, and other aspects of a person’s health. A medical history is used by health professionals to help in the diagnosis of diseases and to plan treatment. Medical research is the scientific study of biological processes and disease, and the development of successful treatments and cures. It involves biologists, chemists, doctors, and other scientists who work to develop drugs or medicines. Clinical trials are the main form of medical research. These are double-blind, random, long-term human studies that compare a drug or other therapy with no treatment or a placebo in order to determine the efficacy of the drug or therapy. Medications are substances that health professionals prescribe or recommend for the treatment of disease, illness, or injury. Doctors and other health professionals often use medications to reduce pain or discomfort, prevent complications from surgery, or provide comfort for patients. You can include in medical expenses an amount paid for the conversion of personal, living, or family items into special forms or adaptations for a disabled person. This includes the cost of converting a book into Braille, for example. You can’t include the cost of a wheelchair in this category, however. See What Expenses Aren’t Includible, earlier. You can include in medical expenses the amount of social security, FUTA, and Medicare tax you pay on behalf of an attendant who provides medical care for you or your spouse or dependent. You can’t, however, deduct the portion of these taxes that exceeds the fair market value of the item converted. For more information, see Social Security and FUTA Taxes, later. Also see Household Employees, earlier. The A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia contains more than 4,000 articles about diseases, tests, symptoms, injuries, and surgeries, as well as illustrations and photographs. It is available at most libraries and in some bookstores. It is also available through subscription.
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