Medical is a branch of health care dedicated to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. It encompasses a variety of disciplines that include the biological sciences (e.g., biology and biochemistry), the physical sciences (e.g., physics and physiology), and the social sciences (e.g., ethics, law and public health). The field of medicine applies knowledge to improve the health and well-being of humans through both primary and tertiary care. Its ultimate goal is to provide a cure or alleviate the suffering of patients with illness, disease or injury. The word medical is derived from the Latin word mederi, meaning “to heal”. Since ancient times, people have sought to discover ways of extending life and improving overall quality of life. The Greek physician Hippocrates is widely regarded as the father of modern medicine and is credited with introducing the Hippocratic Oath for physicians. His teachings laid the foundation for a scientific approach to medicine and established categories of illnesses such as acute, chronic, endemic and epidemic, as well as terms to describe them, such as paroxysm, crisis, relapse, peak and convalescence. Many other highly skilled health professionals contribute to the delivery of modern health care. They include nurses, emergency medical technicians and paramedics, laboratory scientists, pharmacists, podiatrists, dietitians, respiratory therapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists, as well as medical physicists and radiologists. The interdisciplinary team approach to patient care often includes support staff such as secretaries and clerical assistants. Other specialized fields within medicine include conservation medicine, which addresses human and non-human animal health; disaster medicine, which is concerned with medical aspects of emergency preparedness and response; diving medicine, which is the prevention and management of dive-related diseases; and forensic medicine, which deals with establishing cause of death and other medical evidence in legal cases. The practice of medicine, both primary and tertiary, takes place in healthcare systems that are structured according to their national or regional legal, credentialing and financing frameworks. These health care systems provide access to hospitals and other specialised facilities for the treatment of serious and complex conditions, such as burn treatment centres, heart surgery units, kidney transplant clinics and radiation oncology departments. The tertiary care provided by these facilities is often the result of referrals from primary and secondary care providers, who refer patients requiring more specialist attention or resources to help them live longer and healthier lives. Medical software programs are becoming increasingly popular amongst doctors and other medical professionals in today’s technological world. They have the ability to automate time-consuming and repetitive tasks, freeing up more valuable resources to spend on their patients. This allows for faster and more accurate diagnoses as well as improved outcomes for the patients they serve. Medical software programs can also streamline the billing and revenue cycle process. This helps to increase efficiency and reduce costs, while allowing healthcare organizations to stay competitive in the industry. A few of the most popular medical software options on the market are:
Read MoreHealth is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of all humans. People may differ as to the causes of their health, and many will point to some personal choices—what they eat, how much they exercise, whether they smoke or not, how stress-prone they are—as determining factors in their health. Some, however, argue that a person’s ability to survive in the face of the constant challenges of life requires more than luck or genetics; it demands a supportive and flexible environment that provides a balance of internal and external resources for adaptation to personal health threats. This third perspective on health is rooted in an understanding of the complex factors that influence individuals’ and communities’ ability to adapt. These determinants are known as the “social determinants of health” and they encompass a broad range of societal influences, such as housing, education, income, employment, transportation, and social supports. The emphasis on the social determinants of health calls into question assumptions and biases that have long shaped the ways we define health, evaluate it, and provide care for it. It also draws attention to the need for research and interventions that reflect the full range of influences on health that occur outside the clinical setting. For example, a person’s capacity to thrive in the face of chronic illness is highly dependent on the community’s support network; yet, these critical social structures are often overlooked when defining health. In light of these and other social determinants, the current definition of health emphasizes the need for society to generate policies and programs that facilitate successful adaptation across all dimensions of health throughout the lifespan. As such, the 2021 commentary promotes a new vision of health that is fluid and dynamic in nature, with adaptation to life circumstances at its core. A competitive swimmer with Down syndrome and a high school teacher with bipolar disorder both experience good health when their sense of balance is unconstrained by limitations in their abilities. However, these healthy individuals can still be disrupted by life events such as public swimming pools closing during a COVID-19 pandemic or by changes in medications prescribed by their healthcare providers. These types of disruptions are a direct result of the lack of an inclusive, holistic view on what makes up a person’s sense of health and wellbeing. For this reason, the 2021 commentary argues that the traditional medical model of health needs to be replaced by a wellness and health promotion paradigm. For more information on this topic, see: Health (disambiguation), Healthy lifestyle (disambiguation) and Healing (disambiguation). This article was produced as part of a Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Function and Health funded by the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research of the US Department of Health and Human Services through The Ohio State University Nisonger Center.
Read MorePharmacy is an important part of the health care system. Pharmacists are highly trained and knowledgeable about medications. They work closely with doctors and other health care professionals to ensure that patients get the best possible treatment. Pharmacists verify prescriptions, dispense medication, educate patients about proper use and side effects of medications and provide advice on healthy living. They also help in research and testing of new drugs. Pharmacists can work in a variety of settings, including pharmacies, hospitals and medical clinics. Pharmacy has evolved into a discipline with many facets, each with significant implications for policy and practice. Consequently, there is considerable confusion about the meaning of terms used to describe the broad spectrum of activities that constitute pharmacy practice and its related research and education. This article proposes a conceptual model for unpacking some of the dimensions that comprise pharmacy. This model does not claim to be comprehensive but is intended to initiate dialogue and facilitate a move toward consistency and rationalization of terminology that describes the global pharmacy sector. Traditionally, the field of pharmacy has included an array of basic and biomedical sciences. Its training embraces a broad curriculum that includes physics, chemistry, biology, bacteriology, physiology and pharmacology. Medicinal chemistry is a distinct field that combines chemistry with the biological and chemical sciences to create new medicines for the treatment of disease. Many pharmacists have dual degrees in both medicine (a clinical science requiring scientific method) and pharmacology, which are separate disciplines that require specialized training. In recent years, the emergence of a broader range of health care professions, such as audiologists and physiologists, has challenged traditional boundaries between the various aspects of pharmacy. In particular, some academics and researchers have argued that pharmacy should be separated from pharmacology, which involves the study of chemical, physical and biological properties of natural products and their medicinal effects. The arguments for separating and merging these two disciplines are complex and have been made from both theoretical and practical standpoints. While most pharmacists specialize in dispensing medications, others may also provide general health counseling and educate patients about healthy lifestyles. Some may even perform diagnostic tests to identify certain diseases or illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease. In addition, some may work in the research and development of new medications, either in a pharmaceutical company or government laboratory. Some may also serve as clinical consultants and advisors to physicians. These jobs usually require a degree from a college of pharmacy or a graduate program in the health sciences, such as a master’s in pharmacology. In some countries, pharmacists are also required to obtain a license to practice. To avoid illegal online pharmacies, customers should always choose a legitimate pharmacy with a valid prescription from a healthcare professional before purchasing any drugs. Legitimate sites will offer contact information and a padlock icon in the browser bar, which indicate that your personal information is protected. In addition, it is recommended to shop only with pharmacies that have a secure website and a verified SSL certificate.
Read MoreCancer is a disease that begins in cells, which are the building blocks of our bodies. Normally, our body makes new cells as needed to replace old or damaged ones. But sometimes these cells grow out of control and start to crowd out normal tissues. In some types of cancer, the cells spread to other parts of the body in a process called metastasis. Cancer causes 1 in 3 deaths in the United States. Cancer begins in cells that have changes (mutations) in their genes. These mutations can be inherited from our parents or happen during our lifetime. Most cancers are caused by genes that we inherit from our parents. But some can also be caused by a change in our environment, such as exposure to radiation or certain chemicals. The genetic changes in cancer cells make them grow and multiply out of control. These abnormal cells can also spread to other organs and tissue through the blood or lymph systems, where they can form tumors. Cancer is a complex disease that can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Usually, our immune system can keep these abnormal cells in check and destroy them. But with cancer, the cells ignore our body’s signals and continue to grow. Over time, these cells can form a mass of tumors in organs and tissues or, as in some types of blood cancer, spread to other parts of the body. This can cause serious health problems such as pain, bleeding, infection, loss of function and death. It may take a long time for cancer to develop, from precancerous cells that can’t grow or divide correctly to cancer that has grown so large that it can’t be contained within the original part of the body where it formed-metastasis. The type of cancer and its stage help doctors decide the best way to treat it. Some cancers are easier to treat than others. For example, some solid tumor cancers can be cured with surgery. But for many kinds of cancer, doctors need to use other treatments, such as radiation or drugs that kill the cancer cells or block their ability to grow. The type of cancer and its stage also help doctors determine how much treatment a person needs. It’s important to know the type of cancer you have, because some are more likely to spread than others. Prevention: Avoiding tobacco, eating a healthy diet and getting regular screenings can help prevent cancer. If you have a family history of cancer, talk to your doctor about how to reduce your risk. The words, “You have cancer,” can be one of the most life-shattering moments a person experiences. They can leave you feeling sad, lonely, angry or frustrated. And it’s okay to feel all of these emotions. But what’s most important is that you get the right kind of care and treatment to fight your cancer. Whether it’s surgery, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, the right treatment can help you survive your cancer and live a full life.
Read MoreMedical is a science and art of healing, and it encompasses many fields of study, practice, and research. Medical scientists use the methods of physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, engineering, and statistics to study living organisms and their parts, disease processes, and ways to prevent or cure illness. Medical doctors are the practitioners of medicine, and their training varies around the world, but all have the same basic requirements: an undergraduate degree; medical school, usually followed by residency (or a similar clinical internship); and then board certification in their chosen specialty. There are two main medical degrees in the United States: a Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D.) and a Doctor of Osteopathy (abbreviated D.O). Both require years of education and rigorous application, but the differences in training are small. Historically, much of medicine was considered an art, with strong connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of a culture. However, in recent centuries, as medicine has become more a scientific discipline, the art of medicine has merged with knowledge and understanding of biological and physical processes. For example, while the stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice and skill, the science of what happens at the cellular and molecular levels when the stitches are placed has changed the way surgery is performed. The scientific disciplines that make up modern medicine include anatomy (the study of structure), biochemistry, cytology, embryology, endocrinology, epidemiology, genetics, histology, immunology, and microbiology. These disciplines are essential for understanding how the human body works, and they have greatly influenced medical diagnosis and treatment. Another important field of modern medicine is clinical pharmacology, which involves the development, evaluation, and monitoring of medicinal drugs. The pharmaceutical industry relies on this field for the discovery of new medicines. Technical medical writing is required for all of these fields, but perhaps the most critical role it plays is in the area of public health, combating the spread of misinformation that can lead to public panic (as happened during the COVID-19 pandemic). The skills of the best medical writers are in high demand, as is their expertise in translating complex medical information into material that’s understandable by non-specialists.
Read MoreHealth is a multifaceted concept encompassing a range of personal and societal resources that enable people to adapt to a variety of situations. It has been defined in various ways, ranging from a strict biomedical definition that equates health with the absence of disease to a broader World Health Organization definition that defines health as “a state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Achieving a healthy lifestyle requires making smart choices and following good advice, such as getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly. It also means avoiding unhealthful activities and situations, such as smoking and excessive stress. While many factors influence health, some of them are out of a person’s control, such as genetic disorders. Other factors are amenable to changes in individual choice, such as whether or not a person chooses to engage in risky behaviors. Still, other factors, such as economic conditions and environmental circumstances are beyond the control of individuals and communities. In addition, the field model of health calls attention to processes that can foster resiliency and resources for adaptation. These processes include a sense of purpose and meaningful relationships, social connections and supportive networks, educational opportunities, work, and access to healthcare services. Traditional targets for intervention – such as specific diseases and behaviors – are still important in this context. However, the emphasis on processes invites new questions about what influences those target outcomes and how to promote health across a wider array of settings. The origins of health are complex and cross-sectorial. They may be rooted in genetic makeup, environmental conditions, nutritional habits, education, physical activity, and access to healthcare and other social support systems. While some of these factors are nearly impossible to alter, others – such as dietary habits and education – can be altered on an individual and community basis. In addition, some of these factors have been shown to influence multiple health outcomes (e.g., a healthy diet is associated with improved cardiovascular health). For individuals, the challenge of maintaining and improving their health involves balancing the demands of daily life with the pursuit of happiness. This is particularly true for marginalized populations, who face a greater likelihood of developing chronic health conditions. For example, an individual with bipolar disorder might manage their condition through medication and lifestyle choices but struggle to find meaning in their lives because of the limited availability of support networks and employment opportunities. In addition, it’s critical for researchers and public health officials to understand the social determinants of health when designing programs to improve population health. This approach will allow for the design of more comprehensive interventions that address the needs of marginalized populations. In addition, it will help to ensure that efforts are targeted at causal pathways that have been proven effective for promoting health. This will provide a foundation for future research and the development of new evidence-based practices.
Read MorePharmacy is the health profession that bridges the medical and chemical sciences, ensuring the safe and effective use of medication. Its scope extends from the traditional roles of compounding and dispensing medications on doctors’ orders to more modern services like providing drug information, clinical services and reviewing drugs for safety and efficacy. Ultimately, pharmacists are the primary healthcare professionals who optimize drug therapy to facilitate positive health outcomes for patients. The word “pharmacy” derives from the Greek (farmacêuticós), meaning the art or science of healing with medicaments. Historically, the pharmacist was the primary healer in medicine, using their scientific and mathematical skills to prepare herbal medicines and compounds and also advising on nutrition, diet and exercise. During the Renaissance, the pharmaceutical industry expanded, and pharmacists began to specialize in particular diseases or treatments. In modern times, pharmacists are still considered the experts in medicine and can provide a wide range of services to help their patients. In addition to providing prescription medications, many pharmacies now offer a variety of over-the-counter products and supplements, as well as a range of services to help patients manage chronic illnesses. Pharmacy is a vital part of the healthcare system and can make a significant difference in people’s lives. To become a pharmacist, you need to have a strong background in science and math. Biology and chemistry are popular choices for pre-pharmacy students, as these subjects give you the foundation for understanding how medications interact with the body at a molecular level. You should also take as many health science and anatomy and physiology courses as possible, as these subjects are essential to understanding how the human body works. Math is also important, as it teaches you precision, which is needed when someone’s life may depend on your calculations. The aging population is causing a boom in demand for long-term care, geriatric and consultant pharmacists. This is because elderly patients often have multiple ailments and complicated drug regimens, which require careful monitoring by a pharmacist. While the aging population is creating new opportunities for pharmacists, it is also placing additional strain on the existing workforce. As a result, some pharmacies are seeking to increase their presence in the digital realm, offering services such as online ordering and delivery of medications directly to customers’ homes. The best pharmacies in New York are able to recognize the needs of their local communities and work tirelessly to address them. This includes having a presence throughout the city so that residents can easily access their medications and other health-related products. Furthermore, the best pharmacies in New York are staffed with knowledgeable and helpful employees who are happy to answer any questions that patients have. They also offer a variety of convenient services, including same-day prescription delivery and free delivery to local hospitals and senior living facilities. The result is a pharmacy that is truly a lifesaver for those in need of healthcare services.
Read MoreCancer is a disease that occurs when some of your own cells grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. It can also spread to other parts of the body, where it forms new tumors or invades other tissues. There are more than 100 different types of cancer, and each type has its own treatment plan. Your doctor will explain what treatment is best for you. But understanding some general concepts about cancer can help you and your family. Cancer starts when some of your own cells start to grow and divide without control. Normally, your cells grow and die at the right times to keep your body working the way it should. But cancer cells have mutations that prevent them from dying. These mutations can be inherited — passed down from parents — or they can happen over time, such as when you are exposed to radiation or tobacco smoke. The mutations may also be caused by things that you do, such as drinking too much alcohol or not exercising regularly. The first signs of cancer are usually a lump or bump that grows in an area of your body. Some cancers form solid tumors, such as those that develop in the breast, prostate, lung or colon. Other cancers form in blood vessels or fluid-filled organs, such as the kidneys, pancreas or liver. Cancers that start in blood cells (leukemias) or lymph nodes (lymphoma) often spread quickly to other parts of the body, where they can become life-threatening. In the past, people thought that all diseases started when some of your cells grew out of control and spread to other parts of the body. This idea was based on Rudolf Virchow’s “cellular theory of disease,” which suggested that all diseases, including cancer, originated in individual cells and then proliferated. Scientists now know that there are other reasons for cancer. They include: A cancer cell can spread to other parts of the body because it secretes proteins that break apart tissue structures and dissolve cells. It can also create a mass called a tumor and attract blood to it. The blood vessels that feed the tumor provide the nutrients it needs to grow and spread. Cancer can also be hard to treat because the abnormal cells can grow faster than normal cells. They also use different nutrients and make energy in a different way. Cancer therapy is designed to interfere with the ways that cancer cells behave, so they can no longer grow or spread. Some of the most important things you can do to reduce your risk of getting cancer are to maintain a healthy weight and to avoid smoking. Exercise is also very important, as is a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables. Limiting how much you drink can also help reduce your cancer risk. The good news is that most cancers can be prevented with early detection and treatment. Talk to your doctor about screening tests that can find cancer at its earliest stages.
Read MoreDalam alam perjudian, toto macau telah satu suatu opsi yang sangat digemari di kalangan pecinta lotto. Melalui keberadaan pengeluaran toto macau secara teratur serta jelas, para pemain bisa secara mudah mendapatkan data yang mereka butuhkan agar mendapatkan peluang menang. Hasil macau menyediakan data yang akurat serta terpercaya, karena itu membuat proses bermain semakin seru serta menghadirkan keuntungan. live draw macau Setiap hari, para pemain bisa mengikuti pengundian langsung toto untuk melihat hasil lotto langsung. Ini merupakan suatu momen yang sangat dihargai oleh para pemain, terutama mereka yang memantau info terbaru macau hari ini. Dengan memanfaatkan memanfaatkan website macau terpercaya yang dapat diandalkan, pemain dapat dengan mudah mendapatkan informasi toto dan memperoleh data recent mengenai hasil lotto. Bergabunglah dalam masyarakat penggemar serta temukan peluang terbaik untuk meraih hasil toto yang sangat menguntungkan. Pengertian Toto Toto Macau adalah jenis game lotere yang terkenal pada daerah Macau. Game ini menawarkan untuk beberapa peserta peluang dalam menebak angka yang keluar dalam hasil pengundian ini. Dengan metode yang transparan, setiap nilai dari game Toto Macau bisa diambil secara real-time via berbagai platform, termasuk situs resmi dan live streaming. Pada Toto, pemain biasanya mengambil sejumlah nomor tertentu, yang kemudian akan diperbandingkan dengan angka ditarik ditarik. Jika tebakan anda cocok dengan angka yang keluar, para pemain berkesempatan mengklaim hadiah berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku yang Game ini tak cuma menyita perhatian bagi peserta setempat, melainkan juga bagi wisatawan dari asing yang hendak mencoba keberuntungan di dalam dunia taruhan Macau. Hasil dari lotere Toto secara teratur dilakukan dan hasilnya bisa dilihat setiap setiap hari. Melalui informasi pengeluaran yang ada, pemain dapat menganalisis tren nomor yang sering muncul dan mendapatkan kesempatan untuk menang yang lebih lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengikuti perkembangan hasil Macau supaya dapat membuat pilihan yang lebih lebih baik dalam game ini. Data dan Hasil Terbaru Pada sektor lotto Macau, data yang akurat serta terbaru amat krusial untuk para pemain dalam meningkatkan kesempatan berhasil. Setiap hasil togel menyediakan informasi yang bernilai hingga dapat diteliti dalam memprediksi pola serta menebak nomor apa mungkin terjadi pada masa depan. Pengeluaran Macau yang terbaru sering kali menjadi sorotan, sebab data itu menolong setiap pemain dalam membuat pilihan yang lebih cerdas bijaksana. Situs toto Macau menyediakan pengundian secara langsung yang memberi memberikan kesempatan langsung kepada setiap pemain untuk melihat hasil pengundian secara langsung. Keberadaan live draw ini tidak hanya menyerahkan kejelasan, tetapi dan menambah keseruan dalam bermain. Para pemain dapat menyaksikan undian dalam ekspetasi untuk meraih kemenangan, khususnya ketika hasilnya sesuai dari nomor yang mereka mereka. Agar memperoleh data yang komprehensif, sangat disarankan agar mengakses platform andalan, seperti Macau Pools. Pada tempat itu, para pemain dapat menemukan semua data Macau yang terbaru, termasuk hasil serta hasil togel Macau hari ini. Dengan memanfaatkan data yang akurasi, pemain dapat dengan lebih mudah meraih kesempatan berhasil dalam setiap permainan yang. Taktik Kemenangan di Toto Macau Sebagai langkah awal meraih hasil positif pada permainan lotto Maca, penting agar menyadari tipe yang terbentuk dalam hasil Macau. Sejumlah pemain yang berhasil sukses memakai data Maca untuk menganalisis data sebelumnya serta menemukan angka-angka yang sering muncul. Dengan menggunakan data ini, pemain bisa meningkatkan kesempatan dirinya dengan menentukan angka yang lebih sering muncul, serta memperhati tren yang mungkin ada. Selanjutnya, salah satu taktik yang ampuh ialah mengikuti siaran langsung undi Macau dengan teratur. Dengan mengamati hasil langsung, pemain bisa menyentuh atmosfer dan mengambil berita terbaru mengenai hasil Maca. Hal ini juga mempermudah pemain agar langsung mencocokkan nomor yang mereka pilih dari keluaran yang sudah diumumkan, sehingga bisa melakukan evaluasi strategi secara cepat serta efisien. Terakhir, krusial agar bergabung dengan grup pada platform lotto Maca. Di sini, pemain bisa berbincang dan bertukar data tentang berbagai strategi serta saran, dan berbagi kisah tentang keluaran lotto Maca pada hari ini. Interaksi dengan pemain yang lain dapat memberikan wawasan yang baru, menyokong mengembangkan pendekatan yang lebih baik, dan pada akhirnya menambah peluang dalam mendapatkan hasil positif dalam permainan tersebut.
Read MoreMedical is an umbrella term for the science of disease, health and wellness. The field of medicine includes anatomy, physiology and pathology, along with public health, epidemiology and preventive healthcare. Medical professionals study the body, its systems and their interrelationships; diagnose and treat illnesses; perform operations and other procedures; and prescribe medications for patients. Medical education includes classroom learning as well as hands-on dissection of the human body, which is a requirement in many colleges of medicine. As the most common health problems in society, heart diseases and cancer continue to dominate the medical landscape. However, a host of emerging technologies are promising to reshape the future of healthcare. For example, augmented reality and immersive simulations have the potential to improve medical training and patient outcomes by providing interactive tools that can be used to teach new skills or demonstrate complex medical procedures. These apps and devices are already being used by some doctors to prepare their students for the rigors of the job and help them develop the critical thinking skills needed for clinical practice. A key challenge faced by hospitals and clinics is acquiring essential equipment, often at prohibitively high prices. To reduce these costs, medical facilities can consider negotiating discounts or bulk purchase options and working with suppliers to identify seasonal sales and other ways to get the best deals on the latest tools. Another way to cut down on the cost of medical supplies is to make use of free or low-cost digital resources that provide detailed information about conditions and treatments. These resources can be especially useful for educating patients about their health and helping them understand the details of a diagnosis and treatment plan. In addition to online medical dictionaries and glossaries, there are also mobile apps that offer quick access to important information on symptoms, tests and medications. These apps can be particularly helpful for people with chronic health conditions who require medication and frequent visits to healthcare providers. Breaking Down Word Parts Almost all medical terms can be broken down into three parts: a prefix (which comes at the beginning and identifies some subdivision or aspect of the central meaning), a root and a suffix. Most medical roots come from Greek and Latin, so their meanings are informed by the language of origin. Prefixes that end in vowels usually combine with suffixes that start with consonants; exceptions include the words hypoglycemia and hyperthermia, which have combining consonants but are still derived from Greek roots. To improve their odds of success in the healthcare profession, students should take a structured course that teaches them medical terminology, including breaking down words into their word parts and pronouncing them correctly. It’s also a good idea for them to familiarize themselves with the plural forms of medical terms, which differ from other languages by using a suffix like -ectomy or -ism. The leniency in the plural form is helpful when it comes to memorizing these terms because most of them are familiar from English words, such as sacromas and sarcomata.
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